Progressive rock:
Pink Floyd, Camel, Genesis, King Crimson, Caravan and Jethro Tull
Progressive metal:
Opeth, Riverside, Porcupine Tree, Haken and Leprous (honorable mentions Ne Obliviscaris, Plini and Black Crown Initiate)
Alternative rock + grunge:
Radiohead, R.E.M., Nirvana, Alice In Chains and The Strokes
"Dad rock":
Dire Straits, Electric Light Orchestra, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Fleetwood Mac and Blue Öyster Cult
New Wave:
The Cure, The Smiths, Joy Division/New Order, Oingo Boingo and Talking Heads
Shoegaze:
Parannoul, My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, Have A Nice Life and Cocteau Twins (Honorable mention Duster if you count them)
Electronic music:
Aphex Twin, Depeche Mode, Boards of Canada, Burial and Carbon Based Lifeforms (honorable mention to DJ Shadow, Nine Inch Nails and Oneohtrix Point Never)
Synthwave/dark synth:
Carpenter Brut, Perturbator, Midnight, Trevor Something and Dance With The Dead
Post rock/metal:
Godspeed You Black Emperor, World Ends Girlfriend, Explosions In The Sky, Kauan and Mogwai (honorable mention to This Will Destroy You)
Black metal:
Burzum, Havukruunu, Moonsorrow, Heretoir and Ulcerate (honorable mentions Alcest, Bathory and Beherit)
Death metal:
Death, Blood Incantation, Edge of Sanity, Dismember and Convulse
Melodic Death Metal:
Bloodred Hourglass, Insomnium, Children of Bodom, Amorphis and At The Gates
Grindcore:
Carcass, Napalm Death, Wormwood, Nails and Rotten Sound
Doom metal:
Swallow the Sun, Type O Negative, YOB, Electric Wizard and Pallbearer
Metalcore:
Trivium, Wage War, Bullet For My Valentine, Fit For A King and Bring Me The Horizon (honorable mention Knocked Loose and Spiritbox)
Deathcore:
Thy Art Is Murder, Lorna Shore, Mental Cruelty, Shadow of Intent and Job For A Cowboy
Thrash metal:
Vektor, Wisteria, Sodom, Havok and Lost Society
Heavy metal:
Judas Priest, The Raven Age, Black Sabbath, Grim Reaper and Iron Maiden
Power metal:
Beast In Black, Stratovarious, Rhapsody of Fire (+ Luca Turilli), Sonata Arctica and Blind Guardian
Symphonic metal (including subgenres like symphonic black and death-metal):
Nightwish, Emperor, Whorion, Dimmu Borgir and Epica
Folk metal:
Ensiferum, Gernotshagen, Equilibrium, Windir and Alestorm
Bands/artist that sing in my native language (Finnish):
Stam1na, Paavoharju, Mokoma, Pariisin Kevät and Ruissalo Amping
Some favorites that I don't want to make their own subgenres or I'm not sure where to put them:
Katatonia, Car Bomb, Cemetery Skyline, Paradise Lost, .clipping, Death Grips, Aimer, Zutomayo, Arai Tasuku, Mili, Hikaru Utada, Serani Poji, Capsule, Kessoku Band, Togeashi Togeari, Mygo!!!!!, Ave Mujica, every Love Live-group, Desired, Lil ugly Mane